Matthew BoyleThe unregistered sub-GHz bands are starting to become crowded as the number of IoT sensors and applications increases, necessitating the use of trustworthy, scalable technologies that can coexist.
With a new PHY (Physical layer) and MAC (Medium Access Control) approach called telegram splitting, which is defined in an open standard, the relatively new mioty LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) wireless technology addresses these requirements. Mioty is made for extensive professional and industrial IoT deployments and offers best-in-class reliability and scalability. The mioty alliance, an industry group that offers an empty, standardized ecosystem for miosty, includes Silicon Labs as a member.
In this article, we examine the mioty technology and its intended uses in greater detail, focusing on battery-powered and energy-harvesting applications as well as its small power performance. We also calculate how this relates to battery life.
Introduction
Applications where the end devices are dispersed over a large area with long-range transmission capabilities are the focus of LPWAN technologies. To send one to several hundred bytes of data to data centers, they are usually battery-powered and transmit somewhat sparingly at lower data rates to a base station or collector. It is possible to have a license or not for the spectrum used.
An LPWAN network’s topology is typically a star, but there are also cellular options like NB-IOT (Narrow Band IoT), LTE-M (Long Term Evolution), or MESH, such as for Wi-SUN. The LPWAN technology can support deployment on public or private networks and can be custom or standard-based.
The sub-GHz unlicensed ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) bands are divided into regions using various frequency ranges, such as the 169MHz, 433MHz and 868MHz bands in Europe, the 915MHz band in the US, and the 434MHz. 490MHz Band in Asia. Regarding transmit output power, on-air time, or duty cycling limitations per device for transmissions, the ISM bands are subject to various local regulations.
Mioty is an open ETSI standard-based LPWAN technology that uses a star topology and destructive transmission methods of telegram splitting to enable trusted communication in crowded ISM bands while also coexisting with other CPWAN technologies that are currently on the market.
New device classes, such as class B, and features will be added to the standard in the future to address new applications because mioty is also a developing technology.
Flimsy technology
Based on the LTN (Low Throughput Networks) standards, Mioty is an open standard wireless LPWAN IoT technology. Three documents—ETSI Technical Report TR 103 249, ETSI TS 358, and ETSS 93 357—cover the LTN systems.
Telegram Splitting Multiple Access (TSMA) is Mioty’s main innovation. In the past, LPWANs used ongoing transmission in a channel to send application data that was meant to be sent in its entirety. FEC (Forward Error Correction) is used to protect against interference. Self-immune immunity is normally addressed by making various adjustments, such as changing the modulation modes and/or the data rates.
Otherwise, telegram splitting is a novel technique introduced by the natural layer of mioty. The application data is transmitted by radio bursts as sub-packages using a pseudo-random pattern in this instance, which is divided into 24 or 25 instances of subchannels that are 3m large.
This frequency-hopping technique provides better defense against time, frequency domain, or both interferers. Just sub-packages can collide in the case of self-interference, with a lower probability subject to brief bursts and protracted pauses in between. Also in the edge case, where 50 % of the sub-packages are lost, the application data can be recovered when combined with a 1/3 FEC. Mioty therefore supports the deployment of enormous IoT and provides reliable wireless communication in challenging RF environments.
The GMSK (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying) modulation, which is available for almost all IoT silicon and enables the use of effective non-linear RF power amplifiers, is chosen for TS- UNB PHYs in order to target a low-cost solution. There are no restrictions on using various bands besides the ISM bands, and all permitted bands are available in the 133 to 966MHz range. The carrier spacing of the TSMA pattern determines the channel bandwidth that can be used, which is 25, 100, and 725 kHz.
ULP (Ultra Low Power) and ER (Extended Range) modes can be covered by two modulation rates of 2380, 371 and 396, 729 Symbols/s. For the two modes, the total data rates are 512 and 85 bit/s, both.
Calculating the performance of small power
Silicon vendors are developing wireless System on Chip (SoC) devices for microty that use incredibly little power to meet the demands of the IoT. For instance, Silicon Labs EFR32FG23 provides an optimized combination of ultra-low transmit and receive radio power and best-in-class RF, enabling IoT end nodes to reach wireless ranges of over a mile while running on coin cell batteries for at least ten years.
We determined the battery lifetime for three examples of various application data sizes: 10, 50, and 200 byte using a 2200 mAh battery as the endpoint’s power supply and the EFR32FG23 datasheet parameters. Ah was used to calculate the charge per message.
If we hope to achieve 15 years of battery life, Table 1 displays the relevant transmission intervals that are feasible. We used the transmission output power level for the European region as + 14 dBm where the SoC uses 25 mA when transmitting the radio bursts, and we based these figures on sleep existing of 1. 2 a when the SOC is in sleep mode at EM2 energy level with 16kB RAM retention. A 20% self-charge rate for a 15-year period was calculated for the battery, which typically discharges at 1% per year.
| size of the application data | Message broadcast in time | full amount of message time | Cost per message | transmission time |
| 10 bytes. | 363 milliseconds | 3. 7 s | 2.5 ah | 5 msg/h. |
| 50 byte | 969 ms. | 10. 1 s | 6. 7 Ah | 2 msg/h. |
| 200 byte | 3240 milliseconds | 34. 1 s | 22.5 ah | 1 msg /2h |
Examples of mioty lower power calculations that can last 15 years on a 2200 mAh battery
Looking at these transmission intervals and application data sizes, mioty looks a good fit for smart metering for utilities where only several uplinks per day is enough, and for environmental monitoring where several messages per hour are needed, for example 10 bytes. of application data every 12 minutes.
Since the energy levels are within the functional range of quite applications, such as those involving solar, heat, mechanised, or induction harvesting, the charge required per message demonstrates that mioty can be used even for those applications.
Segments of the target market
flimsy technology provides reliable, low-power communication using the new TSMA method. Adding robustness to the mix is a good fit for smart metering, especially for cases where the meters are in a hard to reach or deep indoor environment such as water and gas meters.
In a 2.5 km circle, Mioty can support up to 3.5 million backhaul messages per gateway per day, and it is capable of deploying 110, 000 devices. Infrastructure monitoring can be supported for a large area, including important points like airports, bridges and road maintenance, thanks to this level of scalability and the 5 km range in urban areas and 15 km in smooth areas.
This means that temperature, air quality, and other types of sensors can be commonly used as economic concerns rise today. They can be powered by energy harvesting, which lowers maintenance costs and battery usage.
To maintain the energy consumption of buildings with economic sensors and manage energy management systems, it is possible to address the sustainability of bright buildings. Mioty can also be used to cover street and building lighting when using multi group messages.
Predictive maintenance software and machine learning can work together to send alerts that can be used to improve building machinery maintenance or find water and gas leaks. This shortens the time it takes to begin repairs and reduces gas and water waste.
Conclusions
A reliable and effective mobile technology called Mioty employs a cutting-edge telegram splitting strategy. It offers low-power mobile links over long distances, making it perfect for industrial IoT and intelligent cities.
The new standard is being supported by Silicon Labs, a member of the Mioty Alliance, with highly effective mobile SoCs that can offer dependable connectivity and batteries that last for at least ten years.
